Impact of the Cold War on the World Economies Essay -- Russia vs Ameri

Abstract from Paper World War II created many issues on a world wide scale, two different forms a government were fighting for influence. This created a divide between communist countries and democratic counties which set up the Cold War. This divided world created a globalized economy unlike ever before, one with communist countries and one with democratic. All the countries of the world, of each government type, were interconnected and dependent on each other. The countries of the opposite group were not traded with, all the trading was done within a countries own group. ----------------------------------------------------------------- Keeping a nation’s economy going is a very difficult balancing act. Things the country itself does, like pass new laws, can effect a countries economy greatly. Situations were economies are hurt by new laws are completely in the hands of the countries government. In some situations it’s not in their control at all. This is like the situation with Scotland and its trade with Russia. The actions Russia has taken with the Ukraine have caused the European Union to put sanctions on Russia. This intern has hurt Scotland’s economy greatly. The country usually exports 45 million GPD of food and drink to Russia but 22 million GPD was stopped by the sanctions. That is a huge loss in revenue and has far reaching affects, the normal trade of these countries can be seen in the image bellow. Also it not only affects that sector of the economy but ripples through the whole economy (Maddox). However, this situation is not a new one and its causes can be traced back to the Cold W ar. World War II created many issues on a world wide scale, two different forms a government were fighting for influence.... ...illars in the modern globalized democratic economy, alongside the U.S., causing many issues and creating a worldwide economic rift even to this day. WORKS CITED â€Å"Hoffman Reports Gain in ‘Cold War'† New York Times, December 8,1949. Maddox, David. â€Å"Nato tells Putin: ‘We stand with Ukraine’ The Scotsman, September 5, 2014. McWilliams, Wayne C., and Harry Piotrowski. The World since 1945: A History of International Relations. 7th ed. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2009. Our Own Correspondent, et al. â€Å"Occupation Powers And European Economy.† Times [London, England] 11 Apr. 1950: 6. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 16 Apr. 2015. Painter, David. The Cold War An International History. New York: Routledge, 1999. Simensen, Jarle. â€Å"Democracy and Globalization; Nineteen Eighty-nine and the â€Å"Third Wave† Journal of World History 10.2 (1999) 391-411.

Investigate their human resources, administration, finance and sales Essay

Marks and Spencer’s have many different store departments but also have many different departments of their business, its functional areas. I am going to look at and investigate their human resources, administration, finance and sales and marketing departments to then see how each contributes to the running of Marks and Spencer’s. Human Resources: The human resources department aims to carry out 5 major things, these being: 1. Recruiting, keeping and dismissing employees. This is a major task for M&S as they need the right type of employees for the business to operate it’s best, also the employees shall decide the businesses success present and future. Recruiting new employees could be hiring new people from outside the business or promoting workers already working in the business. Many businesses such as M&S like recruiting from outside the business to bring new ideas and enthusiasm. M&S would want to keep all their existing employees as they would risk losing experienced and trained staff, plus recruiting new workers and training them can prove to be expensive. Sometimes M&S would have to dismiss or sack employees, this may be due if an employee cannot carry out their job efficiently or effectively. Also many employees are dismissed or made redundant, as their jobs no longer exist, say the fall in a particular product could lead to the dismissal of many staff. Read more:Â  Human Resource Management Essay 2. Monitoring and providing good working conditions. Working conditions includes; the cleanliness of a place, the provision of rest areas, hours of work and holidays. Working conditions have a great impact on how well a business operates and how well employees can carry out their work. They are normally a subject for negotiation between trade unions and human resources. M&S have an area for staff to relax and spend their breaks in. The whole store would be regularly cleaned every day for both the workers and customers. 3. Training, developing and promoting employees. Human resources need their staff to be able to ensure that employees are able to do their jobs, they may give training at M&S or through course at local colleges, planning jobs so that employees enjoy new experiences and develop new skills also promoting employees to more senior positions to give the business the skills and experience it needs. 4. Negotiating with trade unions. The human resources department of M&S would have to discuss and agree pay and working conditions with trade unions or other representatives of the workforce. This process is called collective bargaining. 5. Health and safety is an important responsibility for human resources, as it requires M&S to provide all employees with a secure risk free working environment. That is what the human resources function of M&S had to ensure is carried out. Here are some typical job titles within an organisation such as M&S. Job title Description Human resources director Deciding the overall staffing policies of Boots. Also he/she advise senior management. Setting the human resources budget. In charge of all human resource functions in Boots. Human resources manager He/she manages the human resources department and staff involved with industrial relations and trade union negotiations, also ensuring his/he staff is following the policies of Boots. Recruitment officer Responsible for the taking on of staff and section of staff, depending on their standard of work they offer to Boots and the customers of Boots. Training/staff development officer He/she are responsible for training and developing of their staff to bring or take them to a higher level. Personnel/staffing officer Keeping staff records, monitoring staff welfare. Health and safety officer He/she makes sure all aspects of health and safety are in order for staff matters. Also they monitor accident and prevention. Security officer General security, responsible for all security staff. Human resources administrative assistants Administrative work relating to the human resource function. Finance: Now I am going to look at the finance function of M&S. The finance department of a business manages the money for the business. The department controls the financial transactions of a business and help managers to plan for the future. The various activities of the finance department are: 1. Recording all the financial matters of M&S as they are constantly spending money or receiving it from sales. It is vital that they keep all records of all the activities in order to, calculate whether the business is being profitable, asses how much tax the business will have to pay and to help managers to make the right decisions. 2. All businesses have to prepare their accounts in order to summarise their financial affairs during a year, plc’s are required to publish their results legally as they are a public company such as M&S. They have to do the following; the balance sheet which states both what a businesses aims and its debts, profit and loss account- which records the profit or loss made during a lengthy period of time usually a year, the inland revenue have to confirm that M&S has paid the correct amount of tax, suppliers are able to see whether business can pay it’s debts and finally shareholders can decide whether it’s worth investing in the business or not. 3. M&S have to pay the wages of all their employees and it involves the finance department in a number of ways. The business has to deduct income tax and national insurance from each employees pay, it may be required to operate a pension scheme for its more elderly employees and to make sure the correct amount of wages or salaries has been given out to employees. 4. All businesses need some resources and capital to trade successfully. To purchase these resources businesses may need to raise large sums of money, known as capital, but not M&S as they are already fully developed and expanding across the globe. But nevertheless a business has 2 main sources of capital; a loan raised by borrowing money from a bank or another business and retained profits, if M&S has been very profitable they may be able to invest in the business and obtain resources they may need. Some typical job roles in the finance function in M&S would include; Job Description Financial director Giving advice to senior managers on the overall financial policy of M&S. Overseeing the budget of M&S. In charge of all finance function in M&S. Financial Manager Managing the finance function and staff. He/she also advises other members of staff with any financial queries. Chief Accountant He/She ensures that final preparation of accounts M&S are in good and correct order. Management accountant He/She produces continuous financial information to M&S. Credit Controller Advising on credit policies. Making sure money owing to M&S kept in confidence. Credit control clerks Helps check accounts of new and existing customers accounts. He/She works below the Credit Controller but assist the credit controller. They also remind customers of overdue payments Chief Cashier He/She is responsible for the receipt, safe keeping accounting and banking all money received from boots. Payroll Administrator He/She is in control of ensuring that all of M&S employees payroll and salary/wages section. Wages Clerks He/She helps and assists the payroll administrator, in the production of wages ands salary details. Administration: The administration department provides important support services to other departments in the business. Not all admin departments in all businesses are the same. In small businesses the admin department may take responsibility for human resources or finance, but in a large organisation such as M&S it is usually most likely to be specialised. The admin department makes considerable use of computers and IT as it is required for a lot of their jobs. There are as always many activities for the administration department; they can be broken down into 5 groups: 1. Clerical services are the main role of every admin department. The department may provide clerical services to all other departments within the business. These maybe; word-processing, making telephone calls, booking accommodation for staff, sorting and delivering incoming mail and posting outgoing mail, organising meetings and keeping records of what takes place at these meetings, talking responsibly on behalf of the whole company and creating and keeping records of the company. 2. All businesses require regular cleaning M&S is no exception as it is especially true as M&S have cafes, which require thorough cleanliness. Admin also organises the maintenance of the building, they may decorate the inside and outside of the building if they wish. 3. Health and safety is a big issue with all businesses. It includes; providing safety clothing, warnings for workers, ensuring that there are no dangers around the workplace and providing regular medical checks for those working in risky environments. 4. Security is an increasingly important issue for all businesses, security duties would include; signing visitors in and out of premises, ensuring that unauthorised people are kept out by use of patrols or even guard dogs, protecting computer systems from hackers, patrolling to prevent shoplifting by employing guards in uniform. 5. Information technology is being more widely used by the minute, nearly all businesses use some form of IT nowadays. The admin department may use IT to; make spreadsheet for financial data, a database of customers and employees, payroll systems to calculate employees wages and salaries, e mail for communicating internal and external, web based systems, web sites for selling goods etc. Typical job roles of the administration function would be: Job Description Administration manager Managing the administration operations of M&S. Administration assistant Assists with administrative tasks in particular areas. Secretary of Boots A senior executive responsible for all the legal affairs of M&S. It manager Managing all IT requirements of M&S, including equipment maintenance and advising on future needs. Office manager/senior administrator Responsible for ensuring the administrating operations in particular office or department. Chief security officer He/she is responsible for the security staff and advising on security requirements. Security Responsible for maintaining and monitoring security to the required standard. Reprographics supervisor (photo coping and printing) Ensuring all reprographics are done and to a high standard, as it reflects on Boots reputation from the quality of leaflets and formal letters etc. Pa / Secretarial staff These staff are mainly there to providing secretarial and administrative support to senior members of staff and Word processing operator/Data input clerk (worker) He/she type out letters and any other documents and also input data into a computer system. Maintenance of Staff He/she is responsible for routine maintenance work, which may include painting or decorating. Cleaning Staff Cleaning of general office areas, facilities and equipment Marketing and Sales: Marketing and sales involve businesses in many ways. Marketing is the process that helps all businesses to discover and meet the needs of customers. Doing market research, carrying it out in the local and wider community enables the business to discover: 1 Customer reactions to existing products 2 What new goods and services customers want 3 Whether or not new products will prove to be popular 4 The prices customers are prepared to pay for goods 5 How satisfied customers already are with the service Marks and Spencer’s therefore do the following; discover customer needs through market research, advise customers of products through promotion then achieve their sales. There are 2 types of research that can be carried out, Primary- gathering data for the 1st time by asking for views and opinions through questionnaires, interviews, surveys etc and Secondary research which is research that has already been done by someone else such as newspapers web site etc. The best-known marketing activity is promotion. 1 Advertising on TV, radio, internet, billboards, newspapers etc 2 Sales promotions, giving free samples like buy 1 get 1 free etc 3 Public relations, attempting to influence the publics opinions of the business and its products through sponsorship, trade fairs the press and media Businesses try to achieve their sales through a number of ways: 1 Selling products through shops 2 Personal selling such as when sales reps encourage customers to buy their products 3 Internet selling is an increasingly important sales method as it is spreading and growing bigger The typical job roles you can expect are: Typical job Title Job Role Marketing Director Responsible for over all marketing function and its aims and objectives. Sales Director He/She is responsible for the sales function. Sales Manager He/she is responsible for M&S entire sales staff and achievement of sales targets usually within the UK. Export Manager This individual is responsible for agents and sales overseas. Advertising Manager In charge of advertising and publishing successful advertising campaigns. Sales Coordinator This person is responsible for giving urgent information required by sales staffs that are travelling. Sales Representatives M&S sales staff who visit customers in UK and abroad. Market Researchers This team is relied upon to find out what customers want and whether or not there is a need for this new product. Order Clerks This staffs are responsible to accept and process sales orders. Telephone Sales staff Accept and process telephone orders.

Sex in the City-the Roman Empire - 1579 Words

Sex in the times of the Roman Empire was much less taboo than it is in todays society. If you could go back in time and walk around the streets of Rome you would find sex everywhere. From graffiti on walls, to brothels in the middle of town, sex just did not have the stigma and guilt that we associate with it today. No men took advantage of this more than the men with the most power, the emperors. Although many of the Roman Emperors were perverse you only have to look at the first three to find how the morals for the Roman Empire were set. There is no better place to start talking about sex in the Roman empire than with the first emperor, Augustus. Born Gaius Octavius in 63 BC, he was destined for greatness from the very†¦show more content†¦One of the first things that Tiberius did when he came in to power was to reverse the laws that Augustus put in to place trying to protect the morality of Rome. Tiberius spent very little time in Rome during his reign as Emperor an d retired to the country to spend the last eleven years of his life. While living in the country Tiberius set new standards of debauchery, going as far as creating a new government office for the originating of unfamiliar carnal pleasures (Cawthorne 67). Also at his villa in the country Tiberius housed young boys and girls to peform sexual acts in front of him to arouse his wanning sex drive. The historian Suetonius lays several scandolus allegations at the feet of Tiberius including raping two young boys at a sacrifice. It is said that when the two boys objected to the way Tiberius treated them that he had their legs broken. It is also said that Tiberius was awful. When one woman showed that she did not want to do what he told her to, Tiberius had informers lay false accusations against her and then showed at her trial shouting Are you sorry now (68)? Luckily for Rome, Tiberius accomplished very little in his time as Emperor and spent the majority of his time in isolation. U nfortunatly for Rome the man that would become Tiberius heir would be much worse. Born Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus, Caligula got his nickname meaning little boots from the miniature army boots he wore as a child. After his parents and twoShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Rise and Fall of The Roman Empire1033 Words   |  5 Pagesthe greatest and most predominant empires ever built that controlled and reined over much of the entire continent of Europe is known as the Roman Empire. The Romans were beyond the most tactical and strategic army, and obtained the most authoritative military control throughout ancient history. The Roman Empire was not only a militia of brute force and authority, but their political systems also were amongst the most developed and functional governances. 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While key differences may be present, their social structures, influencing religions, and causes of collapse unify themRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh 1523 Words   |  7 PagesMohammad El-haj Mid-Term Humanities Question #1: The Epic of Gilgamesh The story focuses on Gilgamesh who is a king, goddess and man in the ancient Sumerian City state of Uruk. Gilgamesh is presented as the strongest and handsome man in the world but this makes the king feel superior to his subjects.’ Gilgamesh exploits young men through tiresome activities. In addition, Gilgamesh sexually exploits young women in his Kingdom until the residents of Urk cannot take any more and prays to gods for deliveranceRead MoreChristianity And The Modern Opinion Of It1195 Words   |  5 Pagesreligion that connects its followers to heaven. From a young age I have been taught the importance of Jesus. 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Some articles suggest that the temple was a place where worship occurred for both Poseidon and Athena; theRead MoreHow Roman Culture Has Influenced Present Day Government2581 Words   |  11 PagesMediterranean Sea and focused on the city of Rome, it extended to turn into one of the biggest realms in the antiquated world. Roman culture has influenced present-day government, law, governmental issues, building, workmanship, writing, structural planning, innovation, fighting, religion, dialect and society. A development exceedingly created beyond its time, its faults still occurred. Crime and punishment were an obvious element of presence in the general public of the Roman Empire however, with the numerous

The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini - 763 Words

â€Å"There is a way to be good again† (Hosseini K. 2003) a line delivered by Rahim Khan Amir’s father Baba’s closest friend, to Amir in order to encourage him to help Hassan’s son escape Afghanistan and finally free him from the guilt of his past. The quote also embodies the struggle and salvation the novel The Kite Runner attempts to bring its readers. The book taps raw human emotions about life situations that challenges a person and brings out the best and worst in him, but the book also shows the value of personal redemption. The story begins during the innocent days of Amir and Hassan, despite being from different social statuses where Hassan is Amir’s servants. The two young boys were inseparable; Hassan was loyal to Amir and will do anything for his master. But one event changed their friendship drastically, after winning a kite tournament Amir lost his blue kite. Hassan promised to bring back the kite at all cost. After Hassan was late to c ome home, Amir searched for him only to witness him being raped by Assef, the neighborhood bully and the story’s main antagonist. Amir did not do anything to stop the rape. Despite what happened to him, Hassan brought back the blue kite to Amir with blood dripping from his pants. After that, Amir avoided Hassan at all cost and even framed him in stealing his watch. Hassan and his father left the household. But in the rise of the war in Afghanistan Amir and his family fled to the United States. Burdened by his decade-worth of guiltShow MoreRelatedThe Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini883 Words   |  4 Pagesregret from past encounters and usually feel guilty and bitter about the situation. The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, revolves around the theme of redemption. Redemption can be used as a cure for guilt. 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The eye-opening Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini tells about the struggles of Afghanistan before and during the Taliban, and one’s struggle for redemption and acceptance. With regards to the opening quote, some see Amir’s actions as selfish. However, others may believe that Amir truly changedRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1583 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel the Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, Amir, the main character, shares his thoughts and actions due to his poor decisions. The problems he encountered were all because of the sin committed in his youth. His sins taunted the beginning of his life and gave him a troublesome memory full of guilt. As the novel continued, Amir attempted to disengage the memory of his sin and forget about it. Amir then faced the long bumpy road to redemption. Khaled Hosseini’s novel the Kite Runner is about sinRead MoreThe Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini871 Words   |  4 Pagesthat person is trying to fix that mistake. 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Amir flying the kite with Sohrab

Moral Development Quantifying Ones Life Today Essay

Essays on Moral Development: Quantifying One's Life Today Essay The paper "Moral Development: Quantifying One's Life Today" is an outstanding example of an essay on sociology.  Moral development focusses on the ability of a person to differentiate wrong actions from good actions. Through moral development, humans develop the capacity to avoid wrong and always be on the right path by doing what is required of them. Since my childhood, there are people who have had a huge impact on my moral development. They include my parents, siblings, as well as friends. My moral development mostly took place when I was adolescence, which is a turbulent period with many challenges. My parents and siblings played a crucial role in teaching me the important virtues that shape morality in life. One of the crucial virtues that I learned from my siblings and parents is honesty. They taught me to be always honest in my undertakings and this has significantly helped me and shaped my success in life (Killen and Smetana 378).My friends have also played a significant ro le in my moral development; it is through friends that I have come to learn about principles such as trust and commitment. Friends have taught me to be always confident of myself and gain trust with myself. As a result, I have managed to relate well with other people. Moreover, trust has been instrumental in helping me make career choices. When growing up, my parents taught me problem-solving skills, and this enabled me to gain the ability to solve conflicts. At times, I faced challenges with solving disagreements between my siblings, but with the virtues instilled in me by my parents, I always succeeded in coming up with sound solutions to such conflicts. Thus, I can confidently that my parents, siblings, and friends have immensely contributed to my moral development (Killen and Smetana 378).The three individuals that have had the most influence on my life include my mother, father, and mentor. Like any other young person, I experienced an identity crisis during my adolescence and this made me rub shoulders with my parents. I was often scolded for my actions; however, my mum and dad did not give up on me, but rather worked hard to ensure that I was on the right track. My mentor, who was my teacher, also influenced my life significantly. He taught me the virtue of respect to my elders and through his invaluable advice, the conflicts with my parents gradually declined. He taught me the importance of education and why I ought to put a lot of effort into my studies. Today, I can proudly say that these three people have made me who I am today.My biggest cheerleader is a close friend of mine, whom we have been friends for a number of years. I consider him a cheerleader because I attend many functions with him and whenever we are a group of friends, he always speaks on our behalf. He is a friend I like very much and spend most of my time with him. A person I can call in the night to come and help me is my brother. He stays just a few meters away from where I stay an d can avail himself anytime I have an issue that requires immediate attention.

A Midsummer Night’s Dream the Confusion of Dreams Free Essays

Kelly Johnson ENGL 3000-006 Remien March 5, 2010 Paper 1 The Confusion of Dreams You are falling faster and faster through the pale blue sky with no parachute and nothing to grab on to. The shards of rock below seem to get sharper and sharper as a wave of terror and hopelessness takes over. You are just moments away from certain death when all of the sudden you wake up and realize it was all a dream. We will write a custom essay sample on A Midsummer Night’s Dream: the Confusion of Dreams or any similar topic only for you Order Now In William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, he uses the power of dreams to construct the possibility of an alternate reality. A Midsummer Night’s Dream has many crude elements, which may have been offensive to many members of the audience, possibly causing the removal of his play. In order to combat this potential problem, Shakespeare adds Puck’s final speech to serve as an apology. Instead of using a simple apology though, Shakespeare attempts to convince the audience members they too were in a dream by linking the audience to the characters of the play, powerful discourse and imagery. All of these elements allow the reader or viewer to feel at ease instead of resentment as the play commences. The final speech of A Midsummer Night’s Dream at first seems out of place. As this play is a comedy, Oberon’s final speech appears to be the perfect ending. However, the last words go to Puck, the fairy responsible for all of the mischief seen throughout the play, as he tries to fill the audience with a sense of peace by playing with the idea of dreams. In concurrence with the title, dreams are a dominant element throughout the play. Instead of the lovers questioning anything that previously happened, they just accept they all had the same dream, which allows them to happily continue with their lives as all peace was restored. This speech offers an extension of the possibility that it was all a dream to the audience. Puck calls on the audience to think, â€Å"That you have but slumbered here/ While these visions did appear† (5. 1. 417-418). Puck and the other fairies were able to mend all of the problems between the lovers and this speech should do just the same for the audience. If everything previously witnessed is only a dream, then there is no need for outrage and â€Å"all is mended† (5. 1. 416). By creating a dream-like environment, the focus turns from the drama that unfolded throughout the play to the mystical and humorous occurrences. This enables the audience to feel sense of closure. In addition to relating the audience to the characters, the use of discourse aids to the dream-like sense. Throughout A Midsummer Night’s Dream, the way language is used plays an important role in the message Shakespeare is portraying and the final speech is no different, with the language used mirroring the language throughout the play. The final lines of the play extend upon the use of binary opposites. Throughout this speech, Puck offers conflicting ideas that cause further confusion for the audience, similar to the way dreams are viewed as perplexing upon waking up. Puck insists â€Å"And, as I am an honest Puck, If we have enearned luck Now to scape the serpent’s tongue, We will make amends ere long; Else the Puck a liar call. † (5. 1. 415-420) The contraction between â€Å"honest† and â€Å"liar† is blatant and it is impossible to be both. Additionally, while this is an apology as Puck attempts to gain the audience’s trust, this speech is filled with dangerous images, such as â€Å"serpent’s tongue;† adding a sense of doubt and unease. This confusion further adds to the dream-like sense Shakespeare is trying to create. In addition to the binary opposites that are used, this speech is spoken in such a way that it has a feeling of a lullaby. After suggesting the fact everything previously witnessed may have been a dream, Puck utters the lines â€Å"And this weak and idle theme, No more yielding but a dream, Gentles, do not reprehend, If you pardon, we will mend. † (5. 1. 419-422) While throughout the play, various other characters spoke lyrically, these lyrically spoken lines sound like something out of a lullaby, as if Puck wants the audience to once again fall asleep and dream as to possibly forget everything that had just transpired. Unlike the supernatural magic that was used on the characters throughout the play, Puck is attempting to use the magic of words to get the audience to do and think as he pleases. Using the words â€Å"weak and idle,† â€Å"yielding† and â€Å"Gentles† make the audience feel at peace and willing to do what Puck is asking of them. In addition to the form used, Shakespeare uses the images of shadows in this complex apology. The use of imagery throughout A Midsummer Night’s Dream, including the final speech, plays a powerful role in the underlying meaning of the play. In the first lines of his short monologue, Puck states â€Å"If we shadows have offended, Think but this, and all is mended- That you have but slumbered here While these visions did appear. † (5. 1. 415-418) Instead of referring to the actors as a people, he calls them â€Å"shadows. † The fairies, whose presence has often been mysterious and murky, throughout the play have directed the course of events that transpired. Therefore, it would make sense to the audience to want to follow what Puck is saying, as in the moment, it is the most natural thing to do. Similar to many of the other aspects of this speech, this proposes that what had just happened was simply the work of each person’s imagination. In this sense, Puck is therefore leaving it up to the audience to decide if what they have just witnessed is good or bad. The â€Å"shadows† simply exist; it is up to the audience to give them meaning that relates to each of their lives, just as the characters in the play did. The final speech of A Midsummer Night’s Dream wants to make the audience feel as though they were dreaming, which is accomplished by linking the audience to the characters, discourse and imagery. Puck’s final monologue of A Midsummer Night’s Dream is more than just a simple apology. Even with the darker images and contradictions of the speech, it provides closure for the audience. Just as the characters in the play were able to think everything happened was simply a dream and continue to go about with their lives, Shakespeare is attempting to instill the same belief in the audience and hoping they enjoy the happy ending. Works Cited Shakespeare, William, and Russ McDonald. A Midsummer Night’s Dream. New York, N. Y. : Penguin, 2000. Print. How to cite A Midsummer Night’s Dream: the Confusion of Dreams, Papers

Global Financial Cisis Credit Crunches and Deleveraging

Question: Discuss about the Global Financial Cisis Credit Crunches and Deleveraging. Answer: Introduction: The financial crisis that occurred in 2008 affected all economies in the world leading to increased hyperinflation on a large scale. This lead to the loss of homes, millions of jobs and a loss of up to twenty trillion dollars in the global economy making it the next largest financial crisis since the great depression(Rudd, 2009). There were unexpected consequences in that period. Large financial institutions that were thought to be safe from any such crisis were vulnerable to the pointy that they collapsed and others being bailed out by the $1.4 trillion rescue package signed by George Bush but it still wasnt enough to shield them from the crisis (Ferguson Heffes,2010). The documentary the inside job was an eye opener on future financial proceedings to my career, I felt pity for the victims since they lost their jobs and homes by being vulnerable to the greed of scrupulous executives (Rudd, 2009). The most annoying and surprising thing is that many CEOs and key decision makers who were responsible for the crisis ended up profiting or escaping any prosecution leaving the victims helpless, that was not fair at all. A good example is Joseph Cassano; head of the AIG financial product division did not face the consequences of losing $11 billion but rather kept as a consultant with lucrative salaries and allowances (Shah, 2009). The question of who is to blame for the financial crisis is simple but way deeper in the early 80s; I blame the government as the primary cause of this crisis. The deregulation of economic co-operations like banks and insurance companies gave them a power play in the financial market where they could look after their interest in the most lucrative way without considering any consequences (Keen,2009). The Reagan administration made it worse since banks were given a go ahead in making risky investment with public saving deposits which made a loss of tax payers money with over $100 billion. These financial institutions merged in larger firms where they influenced the markets. They considered them key players, and they already had politicians in their pockets manipulating the government to turn a blind eye. The issuing of the sublime mortgages was a farfetched risky investment that the government overlooked. Anyone was qualified for a mortgage in the eyes of the lender and bankers, disregarding the strict qualifications not enforced by the government which considered these institutions in good administrators of the financial markets but that was not the case (Rudd, 2009). As the saying goes history likes to repeat itself, regardless of the 2008 financial crisis, the government still hasnt learned its lesson. The economy in America is weaker than the recession; theres increased the unemployment rate, an increase in inflation. Many industries have relocated to foreign countries where the market environment is conducive than the country which has hostile reforms. The gap be tween the rich and the poor has increased since the Obama administration did not change the economic reforms as initially promised; this means that the country is using the fundamental reforms that were in place when the financial crisis occurred. The debt crisis in America is far more disturbing in that it could lead to a hyperinflation causing another severe crisis shortly (Ferguson Heffes, 2010). This global crisis has not received Justice, its worse when the culprits are still walking around and consulting in the countrys economic matters. When I look back at the previous crisis, the people received justice. In 1929 the head of the new York exchange landed in prison, the 1980s savings and loans scandal over a thousand people went to jail for it but in the 2008 crisis only one individual who went to prison for his part in the crisis, how about the others? That remains alarming. Policy makers have a simple but crucial task of learning from past mistakes (Keen,2009).The economic reforms that were to be made by the Obama administration should be transparent and straightforward enough for the public to understand and avoid any such incidences experienced. Creation of financial products should be scrutiny to avoid investments that would lead to a bubble causing another crisis (Shah, 2009). The 2008 financial crisis caused by just the deregulation which leads to financial institutions having freedom of playing their games for their personal gains. The government turned a blind eye trusting them with the financial markets only to realize when it was too late. I recommend that powerful reform and policies to be introduced to the financial industry which will prevent another crisis (Rudd, 2009). Reference Ferguson, C.Heffes,A,$Marrs,D.(2010).Inside job.Culver City, Calif: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment Rudd, K.(2009).The global financial crisis; Monthly, The feb2009 (2009):20 Keen, S(2009).The global financial crisis credit crunches and deleveraging. Journal of Australian Political EconomyP.22 Shah, A.(2009)Global financial crisis.Global Issues 25.